Daesh financé par la manne pétrolière : après Capital de M6, le FT enfonce le clou

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Si en juin dernier, le magazine Capital de M6 laissait entrevoir que le financement de Daesh   ou Etat islamique  voire même tout son système économique étaient fortement liés à la manne pétrolière, le Financial Times  lui emboîte désormais le pas.

Selon le journal anglo-saxon, l’organisation pourrait ainsi dégager autour de 500 millions de dollars par an, grâce à l’exploitation du pétrole. Les frappes aériennes de la coalition internationale ne changeant rien à l’affaire.

Au terme d’une vaste enquête, les journalistes du Financial Times ont pu ainsi établir que Daesh gère ni plus ni moins qu’une véritable compagnie pétrolière, générant l’essentiel de ses revenus de l’exploitation de l’or noir. Des conclusions auxquelles les investigations de M6 avaient également permis d’aboutir.

Selon le Financial Times, Daech produirait ainsi entre 34 000 et 40 000 barils de brut par jour sur le territoire qu’il contrôle, en Syrie et en Irak. Sur un an, les revenus pétroliers avoisineraient l’équivalent de 440 millions d’euros.

Contrairement au mouvement terrorriste Al-Qaida, financé grâce à de riches donateurs extérieurs et grâce aux rançons de ses prises d’otage, l’organisation Etat islamique peut dégager les ressources dont elle a besoin sur son propre territoire, déclare ainsi le FT. Mieux encore – et comme ses confrères de Capital – le journal qualifie ses méthodes de professionnelles. Il ne s’agit ni plus ni moins que du business à grande échelle, une méga-entreprise dont l’activité serait la vente de pétrole low-cost , laissaient entendre quant à eux les journalistes de M6.

Le Financial Times rapporte en effet que Daech procède à des opérations massives de recrutement de personnel qualifié – ingénieurs, formateurs, managers – en vue de développer son secteur économique leader, devant le racket ou le commerce des antiquités.

Selon le quotidien, l’organisation Etat islamique profite par ailleurs de sa situation de monopole dans les régions qu’elle contrôle, mais aussi sur le territoire de ses ennemis. Elle fournit ainsi le carburant nécessaire aux tracteurs, aux groupes électrogènes des hôpitaux ou encore aux machines qui servent à dégager les victimes des débris.

Dans un reportage intitulé « Daesh, Etat islamique : D’où proviennent les milliards des barbares ? « ,  le magazine présenté par François-Xavier Ménage  sur M6 tentait quant à lui en juin dernier de décortiquer à sa manière le modèle économique de l’organisation terroriste et de découvrir les origines diverses de ses ressources, estimées à près de 2.000 milliards de dollars. Tout de même …

Habitué à traiter des entreprises et des divers modèles économiques, M6 avait donc choisi d’appliquer les outils de « Capital » pour analyser le modèle Daesh. Et donc de parler de ce qui constitue une véritable fortune. Le magazine précisait alors que Daesh vend des barils entre 18 et 23 dollars, c’est-à-dire près de trois fois moins chers que les autres. Ce pétrole quittant de manière illégale la Syrie ou l’Irak pour emprunter par la suite des voies qui le conduisent en Europe.

Si le pétrole figure en très bonne place parmi ses sources de revenus,  « ce poste de ressources est maintenant concurrencé par les taxes et les extorsions qui prolifèrent à tout va chez Daesh », selon les termes mêmes de François-Xavier Ménage de « Capital ». Indiquant à titre d’exemple le chiffre de 50% de taxes sur les salaires de certains fonctionnaires à Mossoul en Irak.

En dehors des revenus pétroliers, le reportage démontrait également à partir d’une enquête de plus de quatre mois sur le sujet, réalisé par le journaliste Eric Declemy, que derrière le caractère très médiatisé de la destruction d’oeuvres d’art se cache un vaste système de contrebande de pièces inestimables loin d’être toutes endommagées.

Le magazine nous  éclaire également sur le fait que l’économie de Daesh fait preuve d’une très bonne organisation autour de la gestion de production pétrolière. Le reportage mettait ainsi en avant le fait que l’Etat Islamique s’est fixé pour objectif de dégager des rendements deux fois supérieurs à ceux obtenus dans les champs de pétrole avant qu’ils en prennent possession.

Comme l’indique François-Xavier Ménage, Daesh veut du rendement et ses dirigeants sont même prêts, d’une certaine façon, à casser leurs outils de production pour ça. Productivité à outrance …. Le journaliste considère également que l’Etat islamique est très bien organisé dans ce domaine, ses membres connaissant très bien la filière. Cerise sur le gâteau, on y retrouve un véritable organigramme avec des ministres, des personnes en charge du budget …. Pétrole, dollar, productivité, un modèle au final pas si éloigné des méthodes capitalistes des majors pétrolières, sachant que cette fois-ci, il s’agit de faire du low-cost avec des mercenaires payés à moindres frais que sont les terroristes  ….

Sources : M6, France Info, Puremedia, Financial Times

Elisabeth Studer – www.leblogfinance.com  – 19 octobre 2015

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(36 commentaires)

  1. Daesh sets sights on crude Africa strategy

    With the group merging with Boko Haram, it is reasonable to suggest it will seek to apply its oil plans there too

    By Abdel Bari Atwan, Special to Gulf News
    Published: 17:29 October 19, 2015

    Last week, Nigeria’s Boko Haram sent suicide bombers to strike inside Chad and Cameroon, claiming 45 lives. In the past, the group’s agenda has been largely local, but following its merger with Daesh (the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) it is likely that there is an economic as well as ideological imperative behind this new drive to extend its reach — oil.

    In March, Boko Haram rebranded itself ‘Islamic State West Africa Province’. Since then, the low-profile adopted by the group’s leader, Abu Bakr Shekhau, suggests the group was taking its orders directly from Daesh. One of the main reasons why Daesh has been so successful is its oil strategy. Al Qaida was greatly weakened by financial sanctions, the source of its funding being largely the personal wealth of Osama Bin Laden and donations from foreign organisations and individuals. Daesh learned from the mistakes of its predecessor and determined to establish independent income streams.

    Since 2013, the group has deployed much of its military effort to overrun oil fields and installations in eastern Syria and northern Iraq. Initially, Daesh operated its oil assets clandestinely, selling crude on the black market, but nowadays — in line with its claim to statehood — it runs its trade with the efficiency of national oil corporations, recruiting specialist personnel and operating an overt distribution system. Whereas administration is generally devolved to local wilayats or provinces, all oil operations are overseen by the central Shura and guarded by the Daesh police force, the Amniyat, which also ensures that all revenue is accounted for.

    Daesh oil installations produce up to 40,000 barrels per day, which are sold at competitive prices ($20 to $45 a barrel; Dh73.5 to Dh165.5) to whole sellers and middlemen. Daesh control a significant proportion of oil production in both Iraq and Syria, where daily life depends on diesel-powered generators and machinery; this puts them in a strong position locally.

    As yet, neither coalition air raids nor Russian fighter jets have managed to inflict any serious damage on Daesh oil sites and to do so would be politically hazardous, further jeopardising national assets (which the West, Russia and China all have interests in). This will also adversely affect the daily lives of ordinary citizens.

    Daesh is earning an estimated $1.5 million per day from oil alone. Add to that the taxes collected from the 10 million people who inhabit Daesh territory, roadblock ‘tariffs’, ransoms and revenue from the sale of antiquities. No wonder it is the richest terror group the world has ever known and has substantial financial reserves to fund its military activities, purchase weapons and ammunition, pay salaries, bribe informants and provide basic social services to its ‘citizens’. All of this enables them to consolidate their own position and buy local loyalty.

    As Daesh turns its sights to Africa, it is reasonable to suggest that it will seek to apply its oil strategy there too. Libya sits on the continent’s largest oil reserves at 46.6 billion barrels; since the fall of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 and in the absence of a central government, it has become a hotbed of extremism in various guises with Daesh seizing control of several cities in the north and announcing the creation of its ‘Libya Province’ in November, 2014. In March, 2015, Daesh fighters took control of 11 oilfields in Libya and earlier this month attempted to seize the Es Sider and Ras Lanuf oil terminals, which are the country’s main oil ports.

    With much of the Sahel to the south either lawless or held by Daesh-allied militant groups, the traffic of extremism is relatively easy. In August, Boko Haram sent hundreds of fighters to boost Daesh’s efforts in Libya. Given the importance of oil revenue to its ambition to establish a ‘Caliphate’ across the Middle East and much of Africa, Daesh will be looking to expand its portfolio of oil wells.

    Nigeria has proven oil reserves of 37.2 billion barrels, with 40 per cent of its oil exports going to the US. Niger, Chad and Cameroon are also significant oil producers. While Boko Haram has yet to seize any important oil installation, it has issued specific threats to refineries and pipelines in the Niger Delta and Lake Chad and its recent incursions into Cameroon and Chad were in oil-rich regions. Since March, the group has also been implicated in the theft of millions of dollars worth of crude.

    When Nigeria’s new President Muhammadu Buhari took office on May 29, 2015, he promised that Boko Haram would be “stamped out” by December. With two months to go for that deadline, this seems highly unlikely and the group has killed 1,600 since Buhari’s election. This bluster and lack of pragmatism on the part of regional governments is certainly part of the problem — as is rampant corruption — and the regional Multi-National Joint Task Force (MNJTF) consisting of soldiers from Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Benin and Cameroon remains largely ineffectual due to lack of consensus and weak leadership.

    The US last week announced it would deploy trainers — along with drones — to Cameroon, where they will help troops improve border security and intelligence collection but, as in Syria and Iraq, the West is wary of doing more. Anti-western sentiment, the legacy of colonialism and the (justifiable) perception that the West is eager to exploit African resources while the people starve, boosts recruitment to extremist groups.

    Much of North and Western Africa is now at risk, with Boko Haram last week urging Al Qaida affiliate Al Shabab to switch its allegiance to Daesh. The world was caught napping when Daesh seized its first territories in Syria and Iraq. It is time to wake up to this new threat on the African continent.

    Abdel Bari Atwan is the editor-in-chief of digital newspaper Rai alYoum. He is the author of The Secret History of Al Qaida; A Country of Words, his memoirs; and Al Qaida: The Next Generation.

  3. Daesh has its eyes on Libyan oil

    Christine Petré
    Monday, 12 October 2015

    As the Libyan branch of Daesh/ISIS is attacking one of Libya’s – and Africa’s – largest oil reserves and key oilfields, questions have arisen about the group’s capabilities. The militant extremists recently attacked Al-Sidra, one of Libya’s main ports for exporting oil, killing one of the security guards; one of the terrorists was also killed. The attack was the group’s second on the oilfield, indicating its strategic value for the militants, who are primarily active in Iraq and Syria.

    As the UN continues to try to negotiate an agreement over a national unity government in Libya, the country’s security vacuum enables groups like Daesh/ISIS, as well as criminal networks like human traffickers, to grow more or less without restraint. Daesh has been able to establish a base in Sirte, after emerging in 2014 in the conservative eastern city of Derna, from where it was later forced out by the extremist Islamist group Ansar Al-Sharia, which now controls the city. A Libyan official, who agreed to speak on the condition of anonymity, estimates that Daesh now controls about 90 per cent of Sirte but doesn’t seem to be in the process of expanding. It is instead focusing on gaining a stronghold in the coastal city, the birthplace of former leader Muammar Gaddafi.

    However, this is not the first assault on the country’s oilfields. In March, there was an attack on Al-Ghani, south-east of Tripoli, resulting in the kidnapping of nine oil workers. Daesh/ISIS also attacked Al-Sidra earlier this year and there is likely to be another attack soon, claimed the official. The group has already threatened that another attack is being planned. “It would be a disaster,” he commented. “If Daesh is able to take over the oilfield it would have no problem about controlling the port to the east of Sirte.”

    It has been four years since the overthrow and killing of Gaddafi spurred the oil-rich nation into a conflict between two rival governments and armed groups. The internationally-recognised government and the elected House of Representatives is situated in the country’s eastern part, while in the West of the country, Tripoli has been under the control of Libya Dawn, an Islamist coalition, which reinstated the General National Congress (GNC), which it recognises as the only legitimate governing body. It is not just the political situation that is split into two rival sides, though, for there are now also two competing state oil companies.

    In addition, the war has brought faltering levels of oil production. Violence has forced some of the oilfields, including Al-Sidra and Ras Lanuf, to close down production. The output is now estimated at around 300,000 barrels per day, reported Naji Moghrab, the top state oil official with the recognised government, on local television last week. He blamed the collapse in production on the ongoing violence and the closure of 50,000 kilometres of pipelines. Due to the insecurity, Africa’s largest oil reserves holder has dropped its production from about 1.6 million barrels a day during the Gaddafi era, when Libyan oil was exported primarily to Italy, Spain, France and Germany. Together with natural gas, oil revenues made up around 96 per cent of the government’s income.

    Confiscating oilfields and gaining control over oil-rich areas such as Deir Ezzor is a strategy used by Daesh/ISIS in Syria, where the group’s oil production has been estimated at 44,000 barrels per day, resulting in a net daily revenue of up to $4 million. However, according to David Butter, an expert on Middle East energy and economics at Britain’s Chatham House, the exploitation of oilfields should not be considered as a central strategy of the movement. “ISIS is simply being opportunistic,” he argued.

    In order for Daesh/ISIS to make a profit from confiscating an oilfield it also needs to take control of an oil terminal and find willing buyers, added Butter. “Thus, it doesn’t seem like it will be doing more than holding the oilfield hostage.”

    In Syria some of the problems faced by Daesh/ISIS include small, badly-maintained and rapidly declining oilfields. In Libya, the oilfields are bigger but they are not well maintained and therefore require technical skill that the group does not necessarily possess. Libya also has a geographical disadvantage, in that in order to generate revenue the group would need to export the oil on tankers. According to the Libyan official, though, it is difficult to foresee the capacity of Daesh/ISIS, what skills and network its personnel may possess or what its strategy will be. What is clear, he concluded, is that the group is aiming to take over the oilfield and all risks must therefore be taken into account

  6. What about BUYERS ?
    what abouy UN resolution beginning 2015 about Israeli buyers???
    pls tell all the story : sellers are bandits .and buyers are……?
    just beeing fair and giving real and total info…….
    regards

  8. Dans un reportage intitulé « Daesh, Etat islamique : D’où proviennent les milliards des barbares ?« , le magazine présenté par François-Xavier Ménage tentera de décortiquer à sa manière le modèle économique de l’organisation terroriste et de découvrir les origines diverses de ses ressources, estimées à près de 2.000 milliards de dollars. Tout de même …. Comme une sorte de méga-entreprise dont l’activité serait la vente de pétrole low-cost en quelque sorte …. Les acheteurs finals pouvant être au final vous que moi … Le magazine rappel en effet que Daesh vend des barils entre 18 et 23 dollars, c’est-à-dire près de trois fois moins chers que les autres. Or, ce pétrole quitte de manière illégale la Syrie ou l’Irak puis emprunte par la suite des voies qui le conduisent en France.

  11. « Article en anglais, certes, très , très intéressant …. »
    Depuis bien longtemps la propagande anglosaxonne joue sur plusieurs registres !! Aujourd’hui on voit pointer sur nos média, le nez de tout un tas de canards qui sont ordinairement en 3ème voir 4ème ligne !! Je maintiens: des Tribunaux Internationaux pour tous ces ânes !!!!!

  12. Une belle pub !!
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    Par Janika Timmermann | Source: Office de Tourisme de la Jordanie

    Pourquoi nous aimons la Jordanie ?

    La Jordanie, un royaume à l’histoire millénaire et au modernisme galopant.
    Un pays aux mille possibilités touristiques : de la culture à l’aventure, du sport au bien-être et de la ville au désert.
    Des sites spectaculaires et parmi les mieux conservés du Moyen-Orient avec des trésors aux couleurs fascinantes, de Pétra la rose, au blanc du sel la mer Morte, en passant par les teintes chaudes et dorées du désert de Wadi Rum.
    A chacun son tourisme et ses loisirs, grâce à la diversité des offres de voyages disponibles à partir de 75€.

    Surtout que les volontaires ne se bousculent pas !!

  14. Extrait :
    Au sommet du G20, qui s’est tenu du 14 au 16 novembre en Turquie, le président russe a souligné que la Russie avait présenté des exemples de financement des terroristes par des personnes physiques venant de 40 pays, y compris des pays-membres du G20.

    Lors du sommet «j’ai donné des exemples basées sur nos données du financement de Daesh par des individus privés. Cet argent vient de 40 pays, parmi lesquels participent des pays-membres du G20», a précisé Vladimir Poutine.

    Vladimir Poutine a aussi évoqué la nécessité urgente d’empêcher la vente illégale de pétrole.

  15. Des noms, des noms !! De toutes façons comme tous nos politiques vont fuir vers l’Amérique en pédalo, inutile de salir plus la planète !!

  17. bcp d’articles à ce sujet sur le net …. pour ma part, je vois ici ou là que les consciences se reveillent peu à peu ….

    oligarchie de Globalia (Rufin)

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