Octroi du port de Gwadar à la Chine : accord stratégique pour pétrole et gaz

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Perdue dans le magma infâme de notre avalanche d’informations quotidienne, la nouvelle passerait presque inaperçue … et pourtant ….
Elle est d’une importance aussi cruciale que stratégique sur le plan de l’échiquier énergétique mondial.
China Overseas Ports holding, une société d’Etat chinoise, vient de prendre officiellement le contrôle du port de Gwadar, situé au Pakistan, à 100 km de la frontière avec l’Iran et à 460 km de Karachi.
D’une pierre deux coups  pour l’Empire du Milieu qui sécurise ainsi son approvisionnement de pétrole en provenance du Moyen-Orient tout en lui permettant d’une certaine façon d’encercler l’Inde.

Après approbation des autorités pakistanaises le 30 janvier dernier, le contrat d’opération du port de Gwadar a ainsi été transféré officiellement lundi à l’Autorité portuaire de Singapour (PSA) à la China Overseas Ports holding.

Situé sur la mer d’Arabie dans la province du Baloutchistan, laquelle est soumise actuellement à des troubles, le port est proche du célèbre détroit d’Ormuz, par lequel transite le tiers du trafic maritime pétrolier mondial mais également de la route maritime venant de la mer Rouge par laquelle passe le pétrole en provenance du Soudan.

Au final, une « prise » on ne peut plus stratégique pour la Chine, ses importations de pétrole et de gaz naturel provenant en majorité du Moyen-Orient et de l’Afrique.

Si Pékin avait d’ores et déjà financé les 3/4 des 250 millions de dollars nécessaires pour la construction de ce port, Singapour avait toutefois obtenu en 2007 le contrat de location des installations pour 40 ans.

C’est également un nouveau corridor énergétique qui pourrait voir le jour alors que le port de Gwadar est plus proche des provinces de l’ouest de la Chine comme le Xinjiang que les principaux ports de l’est chinois. Réduisant ainsi de milliers de kilomètres le transit énergétique destiné l’économie chinoise.

A noter également que le port se situe au débouché de la route du Karakorum (ou Karakoram Highway ) l’ancienne Route de la Soie, laquelle relie Gwadar à la Chine et pourrait être doublée par un oléoduc.
Un projet de ligne ferroviaire serait également en discussion pour relier ce port au Xinjiang, via la chaîne escarpée du Karakoram, et contourner ainsi le détroit de Malacca. Autre détroit stratégique pour le transit d’hydrocarbures mais zone de piraterie intensive entre Sumatra et la Malaisie.

Reste que l’intérêt pourrait être aussi économique que militaire …

Le ministre indien de la Défense, A.K. Antony, s’est dit ainsi récemment « préoccupé » par la décision du Pakistan de transférer la gestion de Gwadar à la Chine. Craignant qu’à terme le port accueille des installations militaires chinoises, voire une base navale. A moins qu’il ne s’agisse d’une propagande indienne contre la Chine.

Sources : AFP, Wikipedia, Reuters

Elisabeth STUDER – www.leblogfinance.com – 19 février 2013 –

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(35 commentaires)

  2. Taking forward plans build an economic corridor from China’s far-western Xinjiang region to the Gwadar port in Pakistan will be “a major goal” of Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s visit to China this week.

    Mr. Sharif, who will arrive here on Wednesday on a six-day visit — his first after his election victory in May — told Chinese media that the corridor would “change the fate of the region”.

    Both sides were planning a series of special economic zones, a rail link and a pipeline running from the Arabian Sea port of Gwadar to the old Silk Road town of Kashgar in Xinjiang’s western border, Mr. Sharif was quoted as saying by the South China Morning Post on Sunday.

    “The economic corridor taking off from Kashgar to Gwadar is a game changer as far as this region is concerned,” he said. “We expect the corridor will become a very important economic hub.”

    Plans to push the long-discussed corridor also figured in May’s visit by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang to Pakistan, which followed his trip to New Delhi.

    Analysts say the difficult terrain and intermittent instability in the region pose serious challenges to the plan. China, however, is keen to pursue the project as it will provide a valuable alternate route for its energy imports from West Asia.

    China has already invested in upgrading the Karakoram Highway which runs westward from Xinjiang, and is carrying out development projects in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), which borders the western Chinese “autonomous region”. India has voiced its concerns about the economic corridor as it envisages rail and road links that will pass through PoK.

    Keywords: Gwadar corridor, China-Pak ties

  3. Gwadar to benefit both Pakistan, China: PM

    Published at 2013-06-30 07:01:56

    ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has said that friendship with China is and will remain the cornerstone of Pakistan’s foreign policy and it has been a factor for peace and stability in the region.

    Speaking to Chinese Ambassador Sun Weidong, who called on him at the Prime Minister’s Office on Saturday, Mr Sharif said he was looking forward to his visit to China next week which he hoped would help strengthen bilateral ties.

    The premier said he had set up a high-level task force headed by a federal minister to explore avenues for enhancing economic cooperation with China.

    He conveyed his deepest condolences to the government and people of China and the bereaved families of those Chinese tourists who had been killed in Gilgit-Baltistan in a recent militant attack. The perpetrators would be brought to justice, he assured the ambassador.

    APP adds: Mr Sharif said that Gwadar Port project was the hallmark of Pakistan-China strategic partnership which would bring economic dividends for both countries.

    He expressed satisfaction that Pakistan’s and China’s shared vision of establishing a ‘long-term economic corridor’ was moving forward.

    He said Pakistan was committed to taking bilateral relations with China to higher levels and it greatly valued China’s economic support and cooperation.

  4. ISLAMABAD:
    Newly-elected Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, in his maiden speech, revealed that Islamabad and Beijing have expressed a keen desire to implement the Gwadar-Khunjerab-Kashgar rail network. The project had been discussed during talks with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in his recent visit to Pakistan.

    While PM Sharif said the actual details of the project would be shared at a later date, he also stated that both countries will soon establish a taskforce to complete the project within the next five years, indicating that it may be implemented on a fast-track basis.

    The successful implementation of the Gwadar-Khunjerab-Kashgar rail network will help China secure oil supply and commercial routes on the Indian Ocean, furthering its plans to secure yet another strategic energy and trade corridor. Besides, the project is expected to provide a major boost to Pakistan’s sinking economy.

    The project is part of China’s ‘Strings of Pearl’ strategic initiative, under which the economic giant wants to secure maritime centres in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives and Somalia. The plan highlights China’s growing influence on the region’s ports and airfields. The previous government has already handed over administrative control of the port to China.

    The project, which will root Gawadar as a nexus point connecting the West with Central China, was the only scheme mentioned by the new premier in his first speech, and seems close to his stated vision of building mega-projects. It also indicates the new government’s desire to receive economic benefits from the world’s second-largest economy.

    Notwithstanding successive governments’ amenability to the Chinese cause, the implementation of the project, originally conceived over a decade ago, is dependent upon Pakistan’s ability to overpower regional and international forces working against it.

    The United States and the United Kingdom are trying to keep a check on China’s increasing interests in the Indian Ocean through Bahrain and Dubai, insiders say. The western powers are reportedly offering a New Silk Route alternative to lure Pakistan away from China’s ‘friendly’ grasp.

    “Some countries are not happy with the Pakistan-China relationship, and Pakistan will have to make inroads through diplomacy alone,” observed Akram Zaki, a former diplomat and an expert on Pakistan-China relations. He said the Gwadar-Kashgar project will increase China’s stake in Pakistan’s security, besides the economic dividends of the project.

    More importantly, the success of the project depends on China’s resolve to finance it: the actual cost is yet to be determined, but 2005 estimates showed it over $10 billion.

    “The project was conceived many years ago, but it was not pursued actively in the past,” Tariq Puri, former executive director of the Trade Development Authority of Pakistan, told The Express Tribune. Puri had been part of a delegation that visited Urumqi and Kashgar and reviewed the possibility of implementing this project.

    The project will route Chinese goods destined for the Middle East and other global destinations from Urumqi through Gwadar. It will save the Chinese half of their current voyage time and secure their oil supplies and commercial routes. The distance from Dubai to Khunjerab is 3,300 miles; the distance from Dubai to Shanghai via the Indian Ocean is about 9,000 miles.

    “China will be gaining virtual control of the Indian Ocean and the energy and trade corridor from the Gulf,” Puri said. He said China’s plans also provide a trade opportunity to Pakistan, as the northern neighbour will be the next big consumer market for Pakistani products in the coming years.

    According to an official of the Planning Commission, such a major investment will create thousands of jobs, besides boosting economic growth and bringing in prosperity in Balochistan, a historically underdeveloped province. Pakistan will also receive a transit fee for all goods passing through its territories. However, the project’s implementation is not without economic and political costs: Pakistan is solely dependent on China for the construction of the rail network, as its cost runs higher than that of the Diamer Basha Dam.

    Published in The Express Tribune, June 6th, 2013.

  5. 21/11/2016
    Port de Gwadar : le nouvel axe stratégique de la Chine
    Le port de Gwadar, dans la région du Balouchistan au Pakistan, a été inauguré avec l’arrivée du Cosco-Wellington chargé de 150 conteneurs en provenance de Kashgar, en Chine.
    Le port de Gwadar, dans la région du Balouchistan au Pakistan, a été inauguré avec l’arrivée du Cosco-Wellington le 13 novembre en présence du Premier ministre pakistanais Nawaz Sharif. Le navire de Cosco a chargé 150 conteneurs en provenance de Kashgar, en Chine. Situé au sud-ouest du pays, Kashgar souffre de son isolement.

    Une porte de sortie

    En ayant pris pied sur le port de Gwadar au travers de la société China Merchant, la Chine souhaite établir dans ce port pakistanais une nouvelle porte de sortie plus rapide vers l’Afrique et le Moyen-Orient.

    Les 150 conteneurs arrivés dans le port du Balouchistan ont emprunté le nouveau corridor entre Kashgar et Gwadar, soit une route de plus de 3 000 km, dont les travaux sont toujours en cours. Cette liaison routière représente un investissement de 46 M$.

    Une région politiquement instable

    Le Premier ministre pakistanais a félicité les participants à ce premier convoi, les qualifiant de « messagers du développement et du progrès dont bénéficiera bientôt cette région », lors d’une cérémonie à laquelle ont également assisté de hauts responsables chinois.

    Ce premier convoi est « un tournant », selon le Premier ministre pakistanais. Le gouvernement de Karachi espère beaucoup de ce port pour donner une nouvelle dynamique à une région pauvre et instable politiquement.

    Des attentats ont visé la construction de la route entre Kashgar et Gwadar, mais les chinois restent persuadés que le gouvernement pakistanais saura tout mettre en œuvre pour protéger la continuité des travaux.

  6. « les chinois restent persuadés que le gouvernement pakistanais saura tout mettre en œuvre pour protéger la continuité des travaux. »
    Alors là ? Dans la merde religieuse actuelle, rien n’est sur !!
    Pour le reste l’énergie obtenue à partir des combustibles fossiles produit des effets chimiques dans la biosphère qui sont bien loin d’être tous analysés !! C’est cela la Nouvelle Frontière et difficile de concevoir un Gateway Arch 🙁 🙁

  7. « les chinois restent persuadés que le gouvernement pakistanais saura tout mettre en œuvre ………. »
    Alors là ? Dans la merde religieuse actuelle, rien n’est sur !!
    Pour le reste l’énergie obtenue à partir des combustibles fossiles produit des effets chimiques dans la biosphère qui sont bien loin d’être tous analysés !! C’est cela la Nouvelle Frontière et difficile de concevoir un Gateway Arch 🙁 🙁

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