Le mandat de Dylma Rousseff – la nouvelle Présidente du Brésil – ne débute pas dans un contexte aussi idyllique que son prédécesseur – Lula da Silva – voudrait bien nous le faire croire.
Lundi, le ministère de l’Industrie et du Commerce a ainsi annoncé que l’excédent commercial brésilien avait chuté de 19,8% en 2010 par rapport à 2009, affichant son niveau le plus bas depuis huit ans.
Le solde commercial s’est ainsi élevé à 20,7 milliards de dollars contre 25,3 milliards en 2009.
Les raisons d’une telle situation : une véritable flambée des importations en valeur, ces dernières progressant ainsi de 42% à 181,6 milliards de dollars. Un état de fait fortement liée à la forte appréciation du real, la monnaie brésilienne, le contexte rendant les produits étrangers plus attractifs financièrement parlant.
L’envolée des exportations, lesquelles ont tout de même progressé de 32 % en valeur – pour atteindre le chiffre record de 201,9 milliards de dollars – n’aura toutefois pas permis de contre balancer la hausse des importations.
Notons toutefois que le Brésil aura su tirer partie des prix élevés des matières premières, comme le soja et les minerais dont le pays est un grand exportateur.
Si la nouvelle présidente du Brésil, Dilma Rousseff, s’est fixée comme objectif de baisser le taux d’intérêt directeur de 10,75%, le plus haut du monde hors inflation, la hausse des prix devrait rendre la tâche bien difficile.
Précisons que toute nouvelle mesure de hausse des taux qui pourrait être adoptée en vue de contenir l’inflation renforcerait le real, situation favorisant les importations et renchérissant les exportations …
Sources : AFP, AWP
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