Mali : quand les instructeurs militaires US formaient – involontairement ? – les futurs rebelles

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Article faussement  naïf du New York Times ? Allez savoir … En tout état  de  cause,  le célèbre journal vient   d’indiquer  que   trois des quatre unités d’élite maliennes à commandement touareg formées par les États-Unis dans les années 2000 sont passées dans le camp des rebelles lors du conflit de 2012.

Tout  est dit en une simple petite phrase  … ou presque. Puisque nous apprenons ainsi tout d’abord  que les Etats-Unis ont « investi » dans la formation de militaires  maliens,  lesquels  – ironie de l’histoire  ou  ultime étape d’un plan proche d’une  stratégie du chaos  – ont retourné  leurs treillis pour désormais affronter  les forces  militaires  du Mali. Pas étonnant en sorte, que  l’armée française trouve  les rebelles fort bien entraînés … tirant ainsi – sans le vouloir ou dans un message de « reconnaissance » à peine voilée –  un formidable coup de chapeaux aux   instructeurs américains.

Rappelons  en effet que durant les années 2000, et au début des années 2010, des militaires maliens ont  été  entraînés par des instructeurs américains dans le cadre de l’opération Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS).

Opération militaire conduite par les États-Unis et d’autres pays partenaires dans la région du Sahara/Sahel en Afrique, ayant pour  but officiel de mener des actions de contre-terrorisme et à réguler le trafic d’armes et le trafic de drogues en Afrique centrale.

Autre  élément du dispositif : la Joint Task Force Aztec Silence (JTF Aztec Silence), organisation interarmées dont le but est d’effectuer les missions et de remplir les objectifs de l’OEF-TS.

Précisons  que la JTF est  dans un premier temps  une composante du United States European Command (EUCOM). Mais suite à l’annonce en septembre 2007, de la création du United States Africa Command (US AFRICOM), sa mission passe sous la responsabilité de ce dernier.

En 2007, le Congrès des États-Unis décide d’allouer  la somme de 500 millions de dollars  à la Trans-Saharan Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI) pour les six années à venir, afin – officiellement – de soutenir financièrement  les États africains impliqués dans la lutte antiterroriste contre Al-Qaïda que sont l’Algérie, le Tchad, le Mali, la Mauritanie, le Niger, le Sénégal, le Nigéria, et le Maroc.

Ce programme s’appuie notamment  sur l’ancien Pan Sahel Initiative (PSI), plan achevé en décembre 2004  et qui s’était focalisé sur les trafics d’armes et de drogues, ainsi que le contre-terrorisme.

En 2009, RFI indiquait pour sa  part qu’à Gao, dans le nord du Mali, des militaires américains se trouvaient à pied d’oeuvre  pour former leurs collègues maliens.

But offciel : renforcer la capacité de l’armée malienne à lutter contre l’insécurité et le terrorisme. Rappelons  que le 8 décembre 2009, al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique avait revendiqué le rapt du Français Pierre Camatte et de trois Espagnols enlevés fin novembre, respectivement au Mali et en Mauritanie.

Les Etats-Unis  participant alors – officiellement  –  à la formation des militaires maliens  en vue de chasser l’organisation de la région.

Les forces spéciales américaines entraînaient alors plus de deux heures par jour les troupes maliennes, notamment aux techniques de combat dans le désert et à des séances de tir ….  ajoutait RFI.

« Pour tous, les Américains ne le cachent pas, il s’agit de former des troupes d’élite afin de lutter contre les ennemis communs dans la bande sahélo-saharienne. A la tête de ces ennemis, les Américains ont placé Aqmi (al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique) » ajoutait RFI.

Le  journal indiquant alors   que  si Washington n’avait  pu à cette date s’installer militairement dans la zone, il avait « décidé de donner les moyens à ses partenaires ».

Mais  désormais, donc, selon le NYT,  trois des quatre unités d’élite maliennes à commandement touareg formées par les instructeurs  US  seraient passées  de l’autre côté du miroir. L’histoire ne dit pas s’il y a une finance et/ ou manipulation à la clé …. et si le but ultime des Etats-Unis  ne serait pas celui-là.

Rares journaux français à  reprendre  cet article, le Canard Enchaîné  et Libé nous indiquent quant à eux que plusieurs unités d’élite ont été formées avec l’aide des américains avant de rejoindre l’insurrection nordiste l’an dernier.

En 2012,  trois commandants  sur quatre  formés   par  les Etats-Unis  à la tête d’unités d’élites engagées  au Nord-Mali se  sont ainsi ralliés aux islamistes.  Tout « en apportant  avec eux  leurs troupes, leurs armes, leurs véhicules  et leur expertise tout juste acquise  au plus fort de la bataille », selon les dires  d’officiers supérieurs maliens. Un officier supérieur  indiquant en effet  que lesdits commandants  ont  « été suivis par 1600  soldats  ayant fait défection de l’armée malienne ».

De quoi  aisément expliquer  pourquoi les militaires français doivent désormais  faire face  à des combattants « bien entraînés » et « capables  de mouvements tactiques structurés ».   N’étant par ailleurs de secret  pour personne que leurs  armements  proviennent  du conflit  dont la Libye  a été le théâtre  durant l’année 2012.

Le NYT   indiquant  ainsi que des soldats  sont revenus du front libyen «  lourdement armés et  aguerris » et se  sont associés par la  suite avec les djihadistes.

Libé  tient également à rappeler   à l’occasion  que le capitaine Sanogo, auteur du coup d’Etat de mars  dernier  au Mali, avait bénéficié d’une formation de plusieurs années aux Etats-Unis.

«Je ne pense pas que les Etats-Unis sont co-responsables de la situation au Mali », tente toutefois de nuancer Witney Schneidman, analyste à la Brookings et ancien secrétaire d’Etat adjoint aux affaires africaines.

Désormais, et à la demande  de Paris nous dit-on, les Etats-Unis ont donné leur accord pour  mettre des moyens aériens à la disposition de la France en vue d’acheminer des troupes et de l’équipement au Mali.

Une  décision intervenu  après un examen par des experts juridiques de l’administration Obama de la nature de l’assistance que pouvait apporter Washington. Selon iTélé, ce sont « 600 Américains qui seront déployés en France et au Mali ».

Un autre responsable militaire a précisé que le commandement chargé du transport (Transcom), le commandement chargé de l’Afrique (Africom) travaillaient maintenant sur les détails opérationnels avec la France.

« Nous soutenons l’opération française au Mali avec des renseignements et du transport aérien », a quant à elle    précisé la secrétaire d’Etat américaine Hillary Clinton.

Où l’on reboucle la boucle  … avec le grand retour de l’Africom ?

Sources : NYT, Libé, Le Canard Enchaîné, RFI, Wikipedia

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(77 commentaires)

  2. Mali: rôle militaire accru des Etats-Unis après des élections

    BAMAKO – Les Etats-Unis vont probablement jouer un rôle militaire plus actif au Mali, où l’armée française combat les groupes islamistes armés, mais seulement après la tenue d’élections dans ce pays, a déclaré lundi à Bamako Chris Coons, un sénateur américain.

    Les Etats-Unis ont fourni à la France, engagée militairement au Mali depuis le 11 janvier, un soutien en matière de renseignement, ainsi que des moyens aériens, vols d’avions de transport C-17 et missions de ravitaillement en vol.

    Mais ils ne peuvent pas coopérer directement avec l’armée malienne tant qu’un gouvernement démocratiquemenr élu n’aura pas remplacé les dirigeants actuels, qui ont accédé au pouvoir à la suite d’un coup d’Etat, a souligné M. Coons, président de la sous-commission des Affaires étrangères du Sénat pour l’Afrique.

    On peut espérer une aide supplémentaire des Etats-Unis dans cette région et d’autres, mais (…) la loi américaine interdit une assistance directe à l’armée malienne après le putsch, a déclaré le sénateur à la presse à Bamako.

    Après une pleine restauration de la démocratie, il me semble probable que nous reprendrons notre aide directe à l’armée malienne, a ajouté le sénateur.

    M. Coons se trouve au Mali à la tête d’une délégation du Congrès américain composée de Républicains et de Démocrates pour rencontrer le président intérimaire Dioncounda Traoré et des responsables militaires français et africains.

    Avant le coup d’Etat militaire de mars 2012, l’aide américaine consistait principalement en des missions d’entrainement et la fourniture de matériel comme des véhicules.

    L’assistance militaire reprendrait évidemment d’une manière appropriée aux besoins actuels. Les priorités auront beaucoup changé, a relevé le sénateur.

    La perspective d’une aide militaire américaine accrue après les élections complique encore plus la donne pour ce qui concerne la fixation d’une date.

    Le président Traore avait indiqué qu’il espérait pourvoir organiser des élections d’ici le 31 juillet, mais cette date a été jugée prématurée par certains, compte tenu des problèmes auxquels est confronté le Mali: poursuite des attaques des insurgés, armée profondément divisée, des centaines de milliers de déplacés.

    Le ministre malien de l’Administration territoriale (Intérieur) Moussa Sinko Coulibaly, chargé des élections, a indiqué vendredi que le délai de juillet peut être révisé si nécessaire.

    La France est intervenue militairement au Mali le 11 janvier face à l’avancée vers Bamako des insurgés islamistes qui occupaient le nord depuis dix mois. Elle est le seul pays occidental à avoir engagé des troupes au sol au Mali. Des forces ouest-africaines – la force internationale de soutien au Mali (Misma) – ainsi que des forces tchadiennes devraient prendre le relais avec le déploiement progressif de 6.000 hommes.

    Le putsch militaire et le trouble qui s’en était suivi avait facilité la chute du Nord du Mali aux mains des groupes islamistes.

    (©AFP / 19 février 2013 00h02)

  3. Où sont nos otages à l’heure actuelle? Comment peux-t-on dire que nous avons la situation en main militairement alors que nous n’arrivons à aucun résultat? MÔÂ président peut remercier Sarko pour la situation installée en Libye !
    l’application de la soit disant charia au fils de M. Kadhafi (un bras coupé comme voleur puis égorgé) sous les yeux de son père lui même ensuite lapidé, en dit long sur « nos alliés »

  4. Les attentats de Paris et Bruxelles décidés très haut dans la hiérarchie de l’EI

    Bruxelles – La cellule jihadiste à l’origine des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 à Paris et du 22 mars 2016 à Bruxelles a pris ses ordres très haut dans le commandement de l’organisation Etat islamique, a affirmé mercredi à l’AFP le procureur fédéral belge Frédéric Van Leeuw.

    On sait que les ordres sont venus de la zone Etat islamique (…) ça remonte très haut dans le commandement de l’Etat islamique, a déclaré le chef du parquet fédéral, en charge des enquêtes antiterroristes en Belgique.

    Il n’a pas précisé si les commanditaires se trouvaient côté irakien ou syrien de la zone contrôlée par l’EI, soulignant que certains de ses dirigeants, comme son chef Abou Bakr al-Baghdadi, ont bougé d’un pays à l’autre, au gré des frappes de la coalition menée par les Etats-Unis visant à les neutraliser.

    Les attentats parisiens du 13 novembre (130 morts) et ceux du 22 mars à Bruxelles (32 morts) ont été revendiqués par l’organisation Etat islamique.

    Ils ont été perpétrés par une seule et même cellule aux ramifications complexes, dont certains membres sont encore recherchés, selon le procureur fédéral.

    L’enquête est loin d’être terminée, tant niveau belge que niveau français, a-t-il observé.

    Pour M. Van Leeuw, l’identification du Belgo-marocain Oussama Atar comme étant l’un des commanditaires des attentats est une hypothèse de travail parmi d’autres. Il y a toute une série de vérifications à faire, a-t-il affirmé.

    Depuis des mois, les enquêteurs s’interrogent sur un mystérieux surnom, Abou Ahmad, cité à plusieurs reprises dans les investigations sur la cellule à l’origine des attentats.

    Cet homme est notamment soupçonné d’avoir missionné deux des kamikazes du Stade de France et un autre tandem de potentiels assaillants, retardé dans son cheminement vers Paris à l’automne et arrêté en Autriche en décembre.

    Il pourrait s’agir d’Oussama Atar qui est le seul coordinateur depuis la Syrie à avoir été identifié en l’état des investigations, a précisé mardi à l’AFP une source proche de l’enquête en France.

    Ex-prisonnier des geôles américaines en Irak dans les années 2000, ce Belgo-Marocain était retourné en Belgique après sa libération en 2012. Il était ensuite reparti en zone irako-syrienne, mais sa trace avait été perdue par les services de renseignement il y a plusieurs mois.

    (©AFP / 09 novembre 2016 17h15)

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