Le cours du pétrole risque bien d’atteindre de nouveaux sommets dans les prochaines heures, jugez plutôt : selon l’armateur français CMA-CGM, l’ensemble des ports et terminaux de Libye étaient paralysés mercredi. Ce qui équivaut à dire que l’ensemble des exportations d’hydrocarbures du pays sont bloquées, l’autre voie possible – le gazoduc Greenstream qui relie la Libye à l’Italie – n’étant désormais plus opérationnel.
« En raison d’une insurrection générale dans certaines villes libyennes depuis la semaine dernière, tous les ports et terminaux sont temporairement fermés« , a ainsi annoncé sur son site internet CMA-CGM, compagnie maritime basée à Marseille.
alors que mardi le groupe pétrolier et gazier italien Eni avait d’ores et déjà indiqué que la seule alternative possible aux exportations d’hydrocarbures libyens via la voie maritime – le pipeline Greenstream – avait été interrompue en raison des violences.
« A la suite de la suspension temporaire de certaines activités de production de gaz naturel en Libye, la fourniture de gaz à travers le gazoduc Greenstream est suspendue« , a ainsi indiqué dans un communiqué ENI, après avoir annoncé le gel de certaines de ses activités dans le pays. Certes, ENI affirme être « en mesure de faire face à la demande de gaz de ses clients » … mais pour combien de temps, est-on en droit de se demander …
Long de 520 km, le pipeline relie Mellitah en Libye à Gela en Sicile. 8 milliards de m3 de gaz y transitent annuellement pour notamment de gigantesques clients tels que Edison ou GDF Suez.
En vue d’appréhender les conséquences de la situation sur le prix du baril et les approvisionnements énergétiques de l’Union européenne, précisons que la Libye produit 1,69 million de barils par jour (mbj) de pétrole brut, et en exporte 1,49 mbj, en immense majorité (85%) vers l’Europe.
Mercredi, le groupe français Total a par ailleurs annoncé avoir commencé à suspendre une partie de sa production en Libye, emboîtant ainsi le pas à l’italien Eni et à l’espagnol Repsol.
Experts et politiques se veulent tout de même rassurants.
Ainsi le ministre anglais de l’Energie, Charles Hendry a affirmé que que la Grande-Bretagne n’avait « pas de pénurie de pétrole à déplorer pour le moment ».
Le ministre français de l’Energie, Eric Besson, a également assuré qu’il n’y avait « pas de péril sur les approvisionnements en pétrole ».
S’agissant du gaz, l’Union européenne disposerait de réserves permettant de faire face à l’interruption des approvisionnements libyens.
Sources : AFP, Reuters, CMA-CGM, RFI
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